"SECOND TREATISE OF GOVERNMENT" - читать интересную книгу автора (Locke John)

Observations stands for Observations on Hobbs, Milton, &c. and
that a bare quotation of pages always means pages of his
Patriarcha, Edition 1680.



OF CIVIL-GOVERNMENT

Book II

Chap. I. Sect. 1. It having been shewn in the foregoing
discourse,
1. That Adam had not, either by natural right of
fatherhood, or by positive donation from God, any such
authority over his children, or dominion over the world, as is
pretended:
2. That if he had, his heirs, yet, had no right to it:
3. That if his heirs had, there being no law of nature nor
positive law of God that determines which is the right heir in
all cases that may arise, the right of succession, and
consequently of bearing rule, could not have been certainly
determined:
4. That if even that had been determined, yet the knowledge
of which is the eldest line of Adam's posterity, being so long
since utterly lost, that in the races of mankind and families of
the world, there remains not to one above another, the least
pretence to be the eldest house, and to have the right of
inheritance:
All these premises having, as I think, been clearly made out,
it is impossible that the rulers now on earth should make any
benefit, or derive any the least shadow of authority from that,
which is held to be the fountain of all power, Adam's private
dominion and paternal jurisdiction; so that he that will not
give just occasion to think that all government in the world is
the product only of force and violence, and that men live
together by no other rules but that of beasts, where the
strongest carries it, and so lay a foundation for perpetual
disorder and mischief, tumult, sedition and rebellion, (things
that the followers of that hypothesis so loudly cry out against)
must of necessity find out another rise of government, another
original of political power, and another way of designing and
knowing the persons that have it, than what Sir Robert Filmer
hath taught us.
Sect. 2. To this purpose, I think it may not be amiss, to
set down what I take to be political power; that the power of a
MAGISTRATE over a subject may be distinguished from that of a
FATHER over his children, a MASTER over his servant, a HUSBAND
over his wife, and a LORD over his slave. All which distinct
powers happening sometimes together in the same man, if he be
considered under these different relations, it may help us to