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[9] Tseng-tzu 4 said: “Respect death and recall forefathers, the good in men will again grow sturdy.”
[10] Tzu-chґin 5 said to Tzu-kung 6: “The Master, on coming to a country, learns all about the
government: does he ask, or is it told him?”
Tzu-kung said: “The Master learns it by his warmth and honesty, by politeness, modesty, and
yielding. The way that the Master asks is unlike other men’s asking.”
[11] The Master said: “As long as his father lives a son should study his wishes; after he is dead, he
should study his life. If for three years he do not forsake his father’s ways, he may be called
dutiful.”
[12] Yu-tzu 7 said: “In daily courtesy ease is of price. This was the beauty of the old kings’ ways; this
they followed in small and great. But knowing this, it is not right to give way to ease, unchecked by
courtesy. This also is wrong.”
[13] Yu-tzu said: “If promises hug the right, word can be kept: if attentions are bounded by courtesy,
shame will be banished: heroes may be worshipped, if we choose them aright.”
[14] The Master said: “A gentleman who is not a greedy eater, nor a lover of ease at home, who is
earnest in deed and careful of speech, who seeks the righteous and profits by them, may be called
fond of learning.”
[15] Tzu-kung said: “Poor, but no flatterer; rich, but not proud. How were that?”
“Good,” said the Master; “but better still were poor, yet merry; rich, yet courteous.”
Tzu-kung said: “Where the poem says:
‘If ye cut, if ye file,
If ye polish and grind’;
is that what is meant?”
The Master said: “Now I can talk of poetry to thee, Tzґu. Given a clue, thou canst find the way.”
[16] The Master said: “Not to be known should not grieve you: grieve that ye know not men.”
Note 1. Disciples. [back]
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Nonfiction > Harvard Classics > The Sayings of Confucius
The Sayings of Confucius.
The Harvard Classics. 1909–14.
II
[1] THE MASTER said: “In governing, cleave to good; as the north star holds his place, and the
multitude of stars revolve upon him.”
[2] The Master said: “To sum up the three hundred songs in a word, they are free from evil thought.”
[3] The Master said: “Guide the people by law, subdue them by punishment; they may shun crime, but
will be void of shame. Guide them by example, subdue them by courtesy; they will learn shame,
and come to be good.”
[4] The Master said: “At fifteen, I was bent on study; at thirty, I could stand; at forty, doubts ceased; at
fifty, I understood the laws of Heaven; at sixty, my ears obeyed me; at seventy, I could do as my
heart lusted, and never swerve from right.”