"Monadology" - читать интересную книгу автора (Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm)

simple substances, it is as if there were so many different universes,
which, nevertheless are nothing but aspects [perspectives] of a single
universe, according to the special point of view of each Monad.
(Theod. 147.)

58. And by this means there is obtained as great variety as
possible, along with the greatest possible order; that is to say, it
is the way to get as much perfection as possible. (Theod. 120, 124,
241 sqq., 214, 243, 275.)

59. Besides, no hypothesis but this (which I venture to call proved)
fittingly exalts the greatness of God; and this Monsieur Bayle
recognized when, in his Dictionary (article Rorarius), he raised
objections to it, in which indeed he was inclined to think that I
was attributing too much to God- more than it is possible to
attribute. But he was unable to give any reason which could show the
impossibility of this universal harmony, according to which every
substance exactly expresses all others through the relations it has
with them.

60. Further, in what I have just said there may be seen the
reasons a priori why things could not be otherwise than they are.
For God in regulating the whole has had regard to each part, and in
particular to each Monad, whose nature being to represent, nothing can
confine it to the representing of only one part of things; though it
is true that this representation is merely confused as regards the
variety of particular things [le detail] in the whole universe, and
can be distinct only as regards a small part of things, namely,
those which are either nearest or greatest in relation to each of
the Monads; otherwise each Monad would be a deity. It is not as
regards their object, but as regards the different ways in which
they have knowledge of their object, that the Monads are limited. In a
confused way they all strive after [vont a] the infinite, the whole;
but they are limited and differentiated through the degrees of their
distinct perceptions.

61. And compounds are in this respect analogous with [symbolisent
avec] simple substances. For all is a plenum (and thus all matter is
connected together) and in the plenum every motion has an effect
upon distant bodies in proportion to their distance, so that each body
not only is affected by those which are in contact with it and in some
way feels the effect of everything that happens to them, but also is
mediately affected by bodies adjoining those with which it itself is
in immediate contact. Wherefore it follows that this
inter-communication of things extends to any distance, however
great. And consequently every body feels the effect of all that
takes place in the universe, so that he who sees all might read in
each what is happening everywhere, and even what has happened or shall
happen, observing in the present that which is far off as well in time
as in place: sympnoia panta, as Hippocrates said. But a soul can