"Lay Dispositionism and Implicit Theorie.htm" - читать интересную книгу автора (Chiu, Hong & Dweck)

Abstract
Lay dispositionism refers to lay people's tendency to use traits as the basic unit of analysis in socila perception (Ross & Nisbett, 1991), and is indexed by such practices as making overly confident behavioral predictions from trait-relevant information and readily inferring traits from sparse behavioral information. Five studies explored the relation between the practices indicative of lay dispositionalism and people's implicit theories about the nature of personal attributes -- whether or not they believe these to be fixed traits. As predicted, compared to those who believed that personal attributes are malleable ("incremental theorists"), those who believed in fixed traits ("entity theorists") were more oriented toward using traits or trait-relevant information to make future behavioral predictions (studies 1 and 2) and were more likely to make trait inferences from behavior (study 3). Moreover, the hypothesized relation between implicit theories and some of the inferential practices associated with lay dispositionism was found in both the U.S. (a more indivdualistic culture) and Hong Kong (a more collectivistic culture), suggesting that this relation may be generalizable across cultures (study 4). Finally, an experiment in which implicit theories were manipulated provided preliminary evidence for the possible causal role of imlicit theories in lay dispositionism (study 5).

Source: Chiu, C.-y., Hong, Y.-y., & Dweck, C. S. (1997). Lay dispositionism and implicity theories of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(1), 19-30.