"Viktor Suvorov. Inside soviet military intelligence (англ) " - читать интересную книгу автора

Duplication in everything is the prime principle and reason behind the
terrifying stagnation of all walks of life in Soviet society. It is also the
reason for the unprecedented stability of the regime. In duplicating the
Organs, the Politburo was able to neutralise any attempt by them to raise
the standard of revolt against their creators, and thus it has always been.
The creation of a system of parallel institutions began with the
creation of the Tcheka, an organisation called into existence to
counter-balance the already growing powers of the People's Commissariat for
Internal Affairs. During the course of the whole of the civil war these two
bloody organisations existed independently, and as rivals, of each other.
Their influence grew to immense proportions, and Lenin suggested the
creation of yet another independent organ to carry out the task of control
and retribution, the Rabkrin. This organ, known today as the People's
Control, is still waiting for somebody to research into its history. The
Rabkrin was Lenin's love-child, remembered by him even on his deathbed. The
Rabkrin or, more formally, the Workers' and Peasants' Inspectorate was not
created as an organ of repression for the whole population, but as an
organisation for the control of the ruling Bolshevik elite and, above all,
the Tcheka and the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs.
In the meantime the tentacles of the Tcheka had spread out over the
frontiers and the Bolkshevik leaders were forced to create yet another
parallel organisation to the Tcheka, capable of counterbalancing its
external activities. Neither the People's Commissariat nor the Rabkrin was
able to fulfill this role. On the personal order of the indefatigable Lenin
on 21 October 1918, an external intelligence service, completely independent
of the Tcheka, was created under the meaningless title of the Registered
Directorate of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. At the present time it
is called the Chief Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the
Soviet Army, and also known by its military classification as 'unit 44388'.
In history there is a number of examples of similar organisations within
repressive regimes. The most obvious of these is of course Hitler's Germany.
The SS and the SA and, on the front, the Wehrmacht Divisions and the
Divisions of the SS, all existed under the same duplication principle, as
did the two Intelligence Services, the Gestapo and the Abwehr.
This multiplication of institutions can only be explained by the desire
of the ruling class to guarantee the stability of its regime. It is
important to clarify this, so that one can understand the role of Soviet
military intelligence in Soviet society and in the international arena, and,
in addition, the reason why this organisation has remained throughout Soviet
history largely independent from the KGB, in spite of the many ordeals it
has been subjected to.
PART ONE
Chapter One
The Triumvirate
The Party, the KGB and the Army form the triumvirate which rules the
Soviet Union. All other institutions and organisations, including those
which appear officially to wield State power, occupy a subordinate position.
But no single one of the three holds absolute power. They are all
interdependent and have to share power with their rivals. There is a
constant underlying struggle between these three forces, with attacks and