"Протоиерей Иоанн Мейендорф. Byzantine Theology " - читать интересную книгу автора Creation.
Creator and Creatures. The Divine Plan. The Dynamism of Creation. Sanctification of Nature. Man. Man and God. Man and the World. Original Sin. The New Eve. Jesus Christ. God and Man. Redemption and Deification. The Theotokos. The Holy Spirit. The Spirit in Creation. The Spirit and Man's Redemption. The Spirit and the Church. The Spirit and Man's Freedom. The Triune God. Unity and Trinity. Hypostasis, Essence, and Energy. The Living God. Sacramental Theology: The Cycle of Life. Number of Sacraments. Baptism and Chrismation. Penance. Marriage. Healing and Death. The Eucharist. Symbols, Images, and Reality. Eucharist and Church. The Church in the World. Church and Society. The Mission of the Church. Eschatology. Conclusion. Antinomies. Byzantine Theology after Chalcedon. Constantinople, the great cultural melting pot, the "New Rome" and capital of the empire, did not produce any real outstanding theologian in the fifth and sixth centuries; but the city witnessed the great theological debates of the day since their conclusion often depended upon imperial sanction. Bishops, monks, exegetes, and philosophers coming to the capital to seek favour and support created around the Episcopal see of the imperial city, from which the government's theological advisers were usually drawn, a convergence of ideas, and a predisposition to syncretic and compromise solutions. The bishops of Constantinople and their staffs however were still able to defend explicit theological convictions, even against the imperial will, as the lonely pro-Chalcedonian stand adopted by the patriarchs, Euphemius (489-495) and Macedonius II (495-511), under the reign of the Monophysite emperor Anastasius, bears witness. Thus, a theology, which can be termed specifically "Byzantine" in contrast to the earlier currents of Eastern Christian thought and centred mainly in Egypt and Syria, comes into being during the post-Chalcedonian period. It would receive an official sanction under Justinian (527-565) and an expression in the balanced synthesis of Maximus the Confessor (T662). It would have seemed that no individual figure played a decisive role in the formation of this theology, and one could be equally hard-pressed to locate any school or other intellectual centre in the capital where the theological thought was creatively elaborated. Though it seemed reasonable to assume that a theological school for the training of higher ecclesiastical personnel was connected with the patriarchate, sources about |
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