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[36] The Master was friendly, yet dignified; he inspired awe, but not fear; he was respectful, yet easy.
Note 1. Of old Pґeng we should be glad to know more, but “the rest is silence.” [back]
Note 2. Died B.C. 1105. He was the younger brother of King Wu, the founder of the dynasty, as great in
peace as the king in war. He was so anxious to carry out olden principles, “that when aught he saw did
not tally with them, he would look up in thought, till day gave way to night; and if by good luck he
found the answer, would sit on waiting for dawn” (Mencius, IV. B. 20). [back]
Note 3. The grandson of Duke Ling, husband of Nan-tzu. His father had been driven from the country
for planning to kill Nan-tzu. When Duke Ling died, he was succeeded by his grandson, who opposed by
force his father’s attempts to seize the throne. [back]
Note 4. See note to v. 22. [back]
Note 5. An abstruse, ancient classic, usually called the Book of Changes. [back]
Note 6. In B.C. 495, during Confucius’ wanderings, Huan Tґui was an officer of Sung. He sent a band of
men to kill Confucius; but why he did so is not clear. [back]
Note 7. Confucius. [back]
Note 8. Duke Chao of Lu (+B.C. 510) was the duke who first employed Confucius. It is contrary to
Chinese custom for a man to marry a girl of the same surname as himself. [back]
Note 9. A disciple of Confucius. [back]








Nonfiction > Harvard Classics > The Sayings of Confucius
The Sayings of Confucius.
The Harvard Classics. 1909–14.
VIII
[1] THE MASTER said: “Tґai-po 1 might indeed be called a man of highest worth. Thrice he gave up the
throne. Men were at a loss how to praise him.”
[2] The Master said: “Without a sense of courtesy, attentions grow into fussiness, heed turns to
fearfulness, courage becomes unruliness, uprightness turns to harshness. When the gentry are true to
kinsmen, love will thrive among the people. If they do not forsake old friends, the people will not be
selfish.”
[3] When Tseng-tzu lay sick he summoned his disciples and said: “Uncover my feet, uncover my
arms. The poem says:
‘As though a deep gulf
Were yawning below,
As crossing thin ice,
Take heed how ye go.’
Till this day, and beyond, I have walked unscathed, my boys.” 2
[4] When Tseng-tzu lay sick Meng Ching 3 came to ask after him.
Tseng-tzu said: “When a bird is to die, his note is sad; when a man is to die, his words are true.
There are three duties that a gentleman prizes: to banish from his bearing violence and levity; to sort
his face to the truth; to purge his speech of the low and unfair. As for temple matters there are
officers to mind them.”
[5] Tseng-tzu said: “Out of knowledge to learn from ignorance, out of wealth to learn from penury;
having to seem wanting, real to seem shadow; when gainsaid never answering back; I had once a
friend who would act thus.” 4