"Cliff Notes - Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man, A" - читать интересную книгу автора (Cliff Notes)

myth) to relate his hero's personal experience to a universal story
of creativity, daring, pride, and self-discovery.

This constellation of words, images, and ideas gives Portrait of the
Artist a complex texture that offers you far more than a surface
telling of Stephen Dedalus' story ever could. It's not easy to
explore all the layers of the novel. Joyce removes familiar
guideposts. Cause and effect is lost; scenes melt into one another,
and the passage of time is not specified. Joyce doesn't explain the
many references to places, ideas, and historical events that fill
Stephen's mind. It's up to you to make the connections. But if you
do, you'll find the effort worthwhile. You'll be participating with
Stephen Dedalus in his journey of self-discovery.

After Portrait of the Artist, Joyce went even further in transforming
the novel in his later works, Ulysses and Finnegans Wake. Both are
virtually plotless and try to reflect the inner workings of the mind
in language that demands much from the reader. Stephen Dedalus
appears again, though in a secondary role, as a struggling young
writer in Ulysses. This epic novel connects one day's wanderings of
Leopold Bloom, a Jewish Dubliner, with the twenty-year wanderings of
the ancient Greek hero Ulysses recounted in Homer's Odyssey. Ulysses
is in some ways a continuation of Portrait of the Artist.

Again, no English publisher would print Ulysses because of its sexual
explicitness and earthy language. It was printed privately in Paris
in 1922. Although its early chapters were published serially in the
United States, further publication was banned and it was not legally
available in the United States again until 1933, when a historic
decision written by United States District Judge John Woolsey ruled
that it was not obscene.

By then Joyce was living in Paris, an international celebrity and the
acknowledged master of the modern literary movement. But even his
warmest admirers cooled when Finnegans Wake was published in 1939.
He was disheartened by the hostile reactions to the extremely obscure
language and references in what he felt was his masterwork, the
depiction of a cosmic world, built from the dreams of one man in the
course of a night's sleep.

Joyce was also increasingly depressed by his failing eyesight, as
well as his daughter Lucia's mental illness. His reliance on alcohol
increased. Once again a world war sent him into exile in neutral
Switzerland. Joyce died in Zurich in 1941.

James Joyce had lived to write. He became a priest of art, as he
(Stephen) had promised in Portrait of the Artist. Because of his
original use of language to tell a story that simultaneously combined
mankind's great myths, individual human psychology, and the details
of everyday life, Joyce is now held by many to be the most