"Fedora Linux" - читать интересную книгу автора (Tyler Chris)
Fedora Linux Preface How This Book Is Organized What You Need to Use This Book Conventions Used in This Book Using Code Examples Safari® Enabled How to Contact Us Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Quick Start: Installing Fedora 1.1. Choosing Fedora: Is It Right for You? 1.1.1. How Do I Do That? 1.1.1.1. What compatibility do you need? 1.1.1.2. What level of stability do you need? 1.1.1.3. What kind of support do you need? 1.1.1.4. Does your equipment meet Fedora's system requirements? 1.1.2. How Does It Work? 1.1.3. What About... 1.1.3.1. ...trying Fedora but also keeping Windows? 1.1.3.2. ...other Linux distributions? 1.1.3.3. ...seeing a list of the software packages included in Fedora Core? 1.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 1.2. Obtaining Fedora Core Software 1.2.1. How Do I Do That? 1.2.1.1. Determining your architecture 1.2.1.2. Choosing boot and installation media 1.2.1.3. Creating Fedora Core CDs or DVDs 1.2.1.4. Buying Fedora Core CDs or DVDs 1.2.1.5. Preparing files for a hard disk installation 1.2.1.6. Preparing a USB flash disk, network installation server, or PXE boot server 1.2.2. How Does It Work? 1.2.3. What About... 1.2.3.1. ...installing from a floppy disk? 1.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 1.3. Installing Fedora Core 1.3.1. How Do I Do That? 1.3.1.1. Preparing for dual-boot 1.3.1.2. Starting the installation 1.3.1.3. Testing the installation media 1.3.1.4. Selecting the installation method 1.3.1.5. Installation stage 2 1.3.1.6. Upgrading a Fedora installation 1.3.1.7. Performing a new Fedora installation 1.3.1.8. Partitioning layout 1.3.1.9. General questions 1.3.1.10. Software selection 1.3.1.11. First boot 1.3.2. How Does It Work? 1.3.3. What About... 1.3.3.1. ...rerunning the firstboot process to reset the system configuration? 1.3.3.2. ...getting help if I encounter problems during (or after) installation? 1.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 2. Using Fedora on Your Desktop 2.1. Getting Started Using the Fedora Graphical User Interfaces 2.1.1. How Do I Do That? 2.1.1.1. KDE or GNOME? 2.1.1.2. Using the desktop 2.1.1.3. Managing windows 2.1.1.4. Fast pasting 2.1.1.5. Logging out 2.1.2. How Does It Work? 2.1.3. What About... 2.1.3.1. ...other desktops/GUIs? 2.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 2.2. Customizing GNOME 2.2.1. How Do I Do That? 2.2.1.1. Customizing the desktop appearance using themes 2.2.1.2. Customizing the panels 2.2.1.3. Customizing the desktop background 2.2.1.4. Customizing the window manager's behavior 2.2.1.5. Customizing Nautilus 2.2.1.6. Customizing keyboard shortcuts 2.2.2. How Does It Work? 2.2.3. What About... 2.2.3.1. ...making a theme available to all users? 2.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 2.3. Customizing KDE 2.3.1. How Do I Do That? 2.3.1.1. Customizing the desktop appearance using themes 2.3.1.2. Customizing the panels 2.3.1.3. Customizing the desktop background 2.3.1.4. Customizing the window manager's behavior 2.3.1.5. Customizing Konqueror 2.3.1.6. Customizing keyboard shortcuts 2.3.2. How Does It Work? 2.3.3. What About... 2.3.3.1. ...setting the defaults for new users? 2.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 2.4. Fine-Tuning Your Display Configuration 2.4.1. How Do I Do That? 2.4.2. How Does It Work? 2.4.3. What About... 2.4.3.1. ...per-user display resolution settings? 2.4.3.2. ...creating the xorg.conf file without using system-config-display? 2.4.3.3. ...using multiple mice and keyboards with one display? 2.4.3.4. ...a nonstandard monitor, such as a widescreen laptop display? 2.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? 2.5. Configuring Printing 2.5.1. How Do I Do That? 2.5.1.1. Add a new print queue 2.5.1.2. Edit an existing print queue 2.5.1.3. Set the default print queue 2.5.1.4. Printing 2.5.2. How Does It Work? 2.5.3. What About... 2.5.3.1. ...creating a group of similar printers that are accessed on a first-available-printer basis? 2.5.3.2. ...setting up more than one queue for a printer? 2.5.3.3. ...making a PDF instead of printing? 2.5.3.4. ...using an HP multifunction printer? 2.5.4. Where Can I Learn More? 2.6. Configuring Sound 2.6.1. How Do I Do That? 2.6.2. How Does It Work? 2.6.3. What About... 2.6.3.1. ...allowing multiple users to use a sound device at the same time? 2.6.3.2. ...controlling the volume levels from the command line or a script? 2.6.3.3. ...playing or recording an audio file from the command line? 2.6.4. Where Can I Learn More? 2.7. Adding and Configuring Fonts 2.7.1. How Do I Do That? 2.7.1.1. Adding and removing fonts using GNOME Nautilus 2.7.1.2. Adding and removing fonts using KDE Konqueror 2.7.1.3. Adding and removing fonts from the command line 2.7.1.4. Installing the Microsoft fonts 2.7.1.5. Using newly installed fonts 2.7.1.6. Configuring font rendering options 2.7.2. How Does It Work? 2.7.3. What About... 2.7.3.1. ...getting a list of available fonts? 2.7.3.2. ...specifying a font name? 2.7.4. Where Can I Learn More? 2.8. Using USB Storage 2.8.1. How Do I Do That? 2.8.1.1. Safely removing a USB drive 2.8.1.2. Configuring default actions in GNOME 2.8.1.3. Configuring default actions in KDE 2.8.2. How Does It Work? 2.8.3. What About... 2.8.3.1. ...partitioning a flash drive? 2.8.3.2. ...using a Linux filesystem such as ext2 on a USB storage device? 2.8.3.3. ...accessing USB storage from a nongraphical application? 2.8.3.4. ...manually mounting a USB storage device? 2.8.4. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 3. Using Fedora on Your Notebook 3.1. Power Management 3.1.1. How Do I Do That? 3.1.1.1. Using gnome-power-manager to conserve power 3.1.1.2. Viewing power information 3.1.1.3. Changing the CPU speed 3.1.1.4. Managing power from the command line 3.1.1.5. Other ways to extend battery life 3.1.2. How Does It Work? 3.1.3. What About... 3.1.3.1. ...stopping the hard drive motors when the drives are not in use? 3.1.3.2. ...turning the computer on and off (or hibernating and resuming) at certain times automatically? 3.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 3.2. Configuring Networking 3.2.1. How Do I Do That? 3.2.1.1. Configuring networking graphically 3.2.1.1.1. Changing a device configuration 3.2.1.1.2. Configuring DNS and the Hosts table 3.2.1.1.3. Saving and using the network configuration 3.2.1.1.4. Using network profiles 3.2.1.1.5. Configuring other network connection types 3.2.1.2. Using GNOME NetworkManager 3.2.1.3. Configuring networking from the command line 3.2.1.3.1. Configuring wireless networks from the command line 3.2.1.3.2. Netmasks and routing 3.2.1.3.3. DNS and hostnames 3.2.1.3.4. Configuring networking from the command line using DHCP 3.2.1.4. Using wireless adapters that require firmware 3.2.1.5. Using private networks 3.2.2. How Does It Work? 3.2.3. What About... 3.2.3.1. ...using a Fedora system as a router? 3.2.3.2. ...renaming a network interface, or configuring a "wlan" interface using the GUI configuration tool? 3.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 3.3. Configuring a Touchpad 3.3.1. How Do I Do That? 3.3.2. How Does It Work? 3.3.3. What About... 3.3.3.1. ...using a touchpad and a mouse at the same time? 3.3.3.2. ...disabling the touchpad automatically when I'm typing? 3.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 3.4. Using Dual Video Output 3.4.1. How Do I Do That? 3.4.1.1. Configuring dual video on an NVIDIA card 3.4.1.2. Configuring dual video on an ATI graphics card using the open source driver 3.4.1.3. Configuring dual video on an ATI video card using the ATI closed source driver 3.4.2. How Does It Work? 3.4.3. What About... 3.4.3.1. ...using dual video output with another video driver? 3.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 4. Basic System Management 4.1. Using the Command Line 4.1.1. How Do I Do That? 4.1.1.1. Understanding the shell prompt 4.1.1.2. Entering commands 4.1.1.3. Accessing previous commands 4.1.1.4. Obtaining a root prompt to enter commands as the superuser 4.1.1.5. Linux error messages 4.1.1.6. Logging out of a shell prompt 4.1.2. How Does It Work? 4.1.3. What About... 4.1.3.1. ...accessing a character-mode display when the graphical user interface is running? 4.1.3.2. ...finding out where a program is located? 4.1.3.3. ...starting graphical programs? 4.1.3.4. ...quickly entering a single command? 4.1.3.5. ...the difference between commands, utilities, applications, and programs? 4.1.3.6. ...using a different shell? 4.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.2. Accessing Online Documentation 4.2.1. How Do I Do That? 4.2.1.1. Using manpages 4.2.1.2. Finding a manpage 4.2.1.3. Reading info documents 4.2.1.4. Viewing GNOME guides and KDE manuals 4.2.1.5. Accessing HOWTOs and guides 4.2.1.6. Viewing text files distributed with applications 4.2.2. What About... 4.2.2.1. ...printing a manpage? 4.2.2.2. ...making a PDF or HTML version of a manpage? 4.2.3. Where Can I Learn More? 4.3. Managing Files 4.3.1. How Do I Do That? 4.3.1.1. Understanding Linux directory names 4.3.1.2. Key directories 4.3.1.3. Ambiguous filenames 4.3.1.4. Choosing easy-to-use filenames 4.3.1.5. Listing the contents of directories 4.3.1.6. Displaying and changing the current working directory 4.3.1.7. Creating and removing directories from the command line 4.3.1.8. Copying files 4.3.1.9. Renaming and moving files 4.3.1.10. Removing files 4.3.1.11. Creating multiple names by linking files 4.3.1.12. Determining the contents of files 4.3.1.13. Viewing the contents of text files 4.3.1.14. Managing files graphically using GNOME 4.3.1.15. Managing files graphically with KDE 4.3.2. How Does It Work? 4.3.2.1. Matching filenames 4.3.2.2. The merged file hierarchy 4.3.3. What About... 4.3.3.1. ...finding out which files are going to match an ambiguous filename before executing a command? 4.3.3.2. ...entering a filename quickly at the shell prompt? 4.3.3.3. ...using a filename in one command, and then reusing that filename in the next command? 4.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.4. Basic Text Editing Using vi 4.4.1. How Do I Do That? 4.4.1.1. vi modes 4.4.1.2. Moving around 4.4.1.3. Inserting text 4.4.1.4. Deleting, yanking, and putting: vi's version of cutting, copying, and pasting 4.4.1.5. Searching 4.4.1.6. Undoing, redoing, and repeating 4.4.1.7. Saving and exiting 4.4.2. How Does It Work? 4.4.3. What About... 4.4.3.1. ...using vi with a GUI? 4.4.3.2. ...using other text editors? 4.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.5. Using Runlevels 4.5.1. How Do I Do That? 4.5.1.1. Choosing the runlevel at boot time 4.5.1.2. Changing the runlevel after booting 4.5.1.3. Changing the default runlevel 4.5.1.4. Creating entries for different runlevels on the boot menu 4.5.2. How Does It Work? 4.5.3. What About... 4.5.3.1. ...booting without an /etc/inittab file? 4.5.3.2. ...using the GUI in runlevel 3? 4.5.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.6. Managing and Configuring Services 4.6.1. How Do I Do That? 4.6.1.1. Configuring services using a character user interface 4.6.1.2. Configuring services from the command line 4.6.1.3. Managing services from the command line 4.6.2. How Does It Work? 4.6.3. What About... 4.6.3.1. ...creating my own runlevel? 4.6.3.2. ...creating my own service? 4.6.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.7. Managing Users and Groups 4.7.1. How Do I Do That? 4.7.1.1. Managing users graphically 4.7.1.2. Managing groups graphically 4.7.1.3. Adding and managing users from the command line 4.7.1.4. Managing user passwords from the command line 4.7.1.5. Managing groups and delegating group maintenance from the command line 4.7.2. How Does It Work? 4.7.3. What About... 4.7.3.1. ...the kuser program on the menu? 4.7.3.2. ...editing the password and group files directly? 4.7.3.3. ...checking that the password and group files are properly written? 4.7.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.8. Control Access to Files 4.8.1. How Do I Do That? 4.8.1.1. Viewing the current user, group, and mode from the command line 4.8.1.2. Viewing the current user, group, and mode graphically 4.8.1.3. Changing permissions graphically 4.8.1.4. Changing permissions from the command line 4.8.1.5. Using group permissions 4.8.1.6. Default permissions 4.8.1.7. Changing file ownership 4.8.2. How Does It Work? 4.8.3. What About... 4.8.3.1. ...viewing file permissions and ownership in the icon view of Nautilus? 4.8.3.2. ...changing the group of a file graphically? 4.8.3.3. ...deleting someone else's file in /tmp? 4.8.3.4. ...changing a file's owner and group at the same time? 4.8.4. Where Can I Find More Information? 4.9. Managing Processes 4.9.1. How Do I Do That? 4.9.1.1. Monitoring process information graphically in GNOME 4.9.1.2. Monitoring process information graphically in KDE 4.9.1.3. Monitoring process information on a character display 4.9.1.4. Displaying process information from the shell prompt 4.9.1.5. Terminating processes from the shell prompt 4.9.2. How Does It Work? 4.9.3. What About... 4.9.3.1. ...monitoring CPU load continuously? 4.9.3.2. ...starting a process with a lower (or higher) priority than normal? 4.9.3.3. ...changing the priority of an existing process? 4.9.3.4. ...starting and managing background processes? 4.9.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.10. Remote Management Using SSH 4.10.1. How Do I Do That? 4.10.1.1. Reducing the use of passwords 4.10.1.2. Using graphical applications remotely 4.10.2. How Does It Work? 4.10.3. What About... 4.10.3.1. ...compressing data? 4.10.3.2. ...connecting to a Fedora system from a Windows system using SSH? 4.10.3.3. ...connecting to a Fedora system from a Mac OS X system? 4.10.3.4. ...connecting to my home system from another location? 4.10.3.5. ...using public/private keys without a passphrase? 4.10.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.11. Using Shell Redirection and Piping 4.11.1. How Do I Do That? 4.11.1.1. Redirection 4.11.1.2. Piping 4.11.2. How Does It Work? 4.11.3. What About... 4.11.3.1. ...redirecting standard output and standard error to the same destination? 4.11.3.2. ...redirecting to a device? 4.11.3.3. ...splitting a pipe to send data to two destinations? 4.11.3.4. ...piping and redirecting data that is not text? 4.11.4. Where Can I Learn More? 4.12. Writing Simple Scripts 4.12.1. How Do I Do That? 4.12.1.1. Shell and environment variables 4.12.1.2. Special variables 4.12.1.3. Control structures 4.12.1.4. Integer arithmetic 4.12.1.5. Making your scripts available to users of other shells 4.12.1.6. An example 4.12.1.7. Login and initialization scripts 4.12.2. How Does It Work? 4.12.3. What About... 4.12.3.1. ...interacting with the user through the graphical user interface? 4.12.4. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 5. Package Management 5.1. Querying the Package Management Database 5.1.1. How Do I Do That? 5.1.2. How Does It Work? 5.1.3. What About... 5.1.3.1. ...converting an RPM to a plain archive? 5.1.3.2. ...a damaged RPM database? 5.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 5.2. Installing and Removing Software Using RPM 5.2.1. How Do I Do That? 5.2.2. How Does It Work? 5.2.3. What About... 5.2.3.1. ...installing multiple versions of a package? 5.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 5.3. Using Repositories 5.3.1. How Do I Do That? 5.3.1.1. Using yum from the command line 5.3.1.2. Using yum with a GUI 5.3.1.3. Adding repositories 5.3.2. How Does It Work? 5.3.3. What About... 5.3.3.1. ...installing proprietary video drivers? 5.3.3.2. ...installing software to handle proprietary multimedia formats? 5.3.3.3. ...excluding packages from management by yum? 5.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 5.4. Rolling Back a Package Installation, Upgrade, or Removal 5.4.1. How Do I Do That? 5.4.2. How Does It Work? 5.4.3. What About... 5.4.3.1. ...rolling back a package installation? 5.4.3.2. ...rolling back a rollback? 5.4.3.3. ...seeing what will happen during a rollback, before I decide to do it? 5.4.3.4. ...the disk space used by the rollback files? 5.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? 5.5. Automating Updates 5.5.1. How Do I Do That? 5.5.2. How Does It Work? 5.5.3. What About... 5.5.3.1. ...downloading but not installing updates? 5.5.3.2. ...updating a machine when it's booted? 5.5.4. Where Can I Learn More? 5.6. Installing From Source 5.6.1. How Do I Do That? 5.6.2. How Does It Work? 5.6.3. What About... 5.6.3.1. ...packages that are not written in a compiled language? 5.6.3.2. ...packages that don't have a configure script? 5.6.4. Where Can I Learn More? 5.7. Making Your Own RPM Packages 5.7.1. How Do I Do That? 5.7.1.1. Preparing to build RPMs 5.7.1.2. Creating a spec file 5.7.2. How Does It Work? 5.7.3. What About... 5.7.3.1. ...creating a desktop menu entry for a packaged program? 5.7.3.2. ...running a script when a package is installed or removed? 5.7.3.3. ...including an icon to identify the package? 5.7.3.4. ...viewing the source code and the spec file for an existing package? 5.7.4. Where Can I Learn More? 5.8. Rebuilding an RPM Package for a Different Architecture 5.8.1. How Do I Do That? 5.8.2. How Does It Work? 5.8.3. What About... 5.8.3.1. ...editing the spec file before rebuilding? 5.8.4. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 6. Storage Administration 6.1. Using Logical Volume Management 6.1.1. How Do I Do That? 6.1.1.1. Managing LVM graphically 6.1.1.1.1. Growing a logical volume 6.1.1.2. Shrinking a logical volume 6.1.1.2.1. Creating a new logical volume 6.1.1.2.2. Creating a snapshot 6.1.1.2.3. Removing a logical volume or a snapshot 6.1.1.2.4. Adding a partition 6.1.1.2.5. Removing a partition 6.1.1.3. Managing LVMs from the command line 6.1.1.3.1. LVM device names 6.1.1.3.2. Getting information about LVM elements 6.1.1.3.3. Growing a logical volume 6.1.1.3.4. Shrinking a logical volume 6.1.1.3.5. Creating a new logical volume 6.1.1.3.6. Creating a snapshot logical volume 6.1.1.3.7. Removing a logical volume 6.1.1.3.8. Adding a partition 6.1.1.3.9. Removing a partition 6.1.1.4. Managing LVM in single-user mode 6.1.1.5. Managing LVM in rescue mode 6.1.2. How Does It Work? 6.1.3. What About... 6.1.3.1. ...taking multiple snapshots of a filesystem? 6.1.3.2. ...improving performance? 6.1.3.3. ...LVM mirroring? 6.1.3.4. ...using LVM with RAID? 6.1.3.5. ...using a raw, unpartitioned disk as a PV? 6.1.3.6. ...a failing disk drive? 6.1.3.7. ...creating a flexible disk layout? 6.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 6.2. Managing RAID 6.2.1. How Do I Do That? 6.2.1.1. Displaying Information About the Current RAID Configuration 6.2.1.2. Creating a RAID array 6.2.1.3. Handling a drive failure 6.2.1.4. Stopping and restarting a RAID array 6.2.1.5. Monitoring RAID arrays 6.2.1.6. Setting up a hot spare 6.2.1.7. Monitoring drive health 6.2.2. How Does It Work? 6.2.3. What About... 6.2.3.1. ...booting from a RAID array? 6.2.3.2. ...mixing and matching USB flash drives, USB hard disks, SATA, SCSI, and IDE/ATA drives? 6.2.3.3. ...mirroring to a remote drive as part of a disaster-recovery plan? 6.2.3.4. ...using more than one RAID array, but configuring one hot spare to be shared between them? 6.2.3.5. ...configuring the rebuild rate for arrays? 6.2.3.6. ...simultaneous drive failure? 6.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 6.3. Making Backups 6.3.1. How Do I Do That? 6.3.1.1. Determining what data to back up 6.3.1.2. Determining how often to back up your data 6.3.1.3. Determine how quickly you will need to restore your data 6.3.1.4. Determine how far back in time you need to restore 6.3.1.5. Decision 1: Incremental versus full backups, and backup rotation 6.3.1.6. Decision 2: Decide on the backup media 6.3.1.7. Decision 3: Decide on media rotation and storage 6.3.1.8. Simple backup labeling 6.3.1.9. Backing up to DVD 6.3.1.10. Backing up to tape 6.3.1.11. Restoring files from backups 6.3.1.12. Viewing the table of contents and verifying a backup 6.3.2. How Does It Work? 6.3.3. What About... 6.3.3.1. ...using LVM snapshots in a backup script? 6.3.3.2. ...putting more than one backup on a tape? 6.3.3.3. ...backing up multiple systems onto a central tape archive? 6.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 6.4. Scheduling Tasks 6.4.1. How Do I Do That? 6.4.2. How Does It Work? 6.4.3. What About... 6.4.3.1. ...daylight savings time? 6.4.3.2. ...using an editor other than vi to edit the crontab? 6.4.3.3. ...loading the crontab from a file? 6.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 7. Network Services 7.1. Configuring Samba to Share Files with Windows Systems 7.1.1. How Do I Do That? 7.1.1.1. Adding additional Samba shares 7.1.1.2. Accessing Fedora printers from a Windows system 7.1.1.3. Configuring Samba from the command line 7.1.2. How Does It Work? 7.1.3. What About... 7.1.3.1. ...disabling access to printers through Samba? 7.1.3.2. ...accessing a Samba share on another Linux machine? 7.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.2. Configuring a DHCP Server 7.2.1. How Do I Do That? 7.2.2. How Does It Work? 7.2.3. What About... 7.2.3.1. ...older clients that use the bootp protocol? 7.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.3. Configuring a Domain Name Server 7.3.1. How Do I Do That? 7.3.1.1. Configuring named graphically 7.3.1.2. Configuring named through configuration files and datafiles 7.3.1.3. Testing DNS entries 7.3.1.4. Configuring a slave nameserver 7.3.1.5. Using your nameservers locally 7.3.1.6. Serving domain information to the Internet 7.3.1.7. Reverse mapping 7.3.2. How Does It Work? 7.3.3. What About... 7.3.3.1. ...changing from one nameserver to another? 7.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.4. Configuring a CUPS Print Server 7.4.1. How Do I Do That? 7.4.1.1. Accessing a CUPS printer from Windows XP 7.4.2. How Does It Work? 7.4.3. What About... 7.4.3.1. ...a client that uses the older LPD protocol? 7.4.3.2. ...configuring sharing from the command line? 7.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.5. Using the Apache Web Server 7.5.1. How Do I Do That? 7.5.1.1. Starting Apache 7.5.1.2. Testing Apache 7.5.1.3. Installing your own web content 7.5.1.4. Changing the default configuration 7.5.1.5. Configuring Apache graphically 7.5.1.6. Directly editing Apache's configuration file 7.5.1.6.1. Configuring the server root and document root 7.5.1.6.2. Configuring the server administrator, IP address and port, and server name 7.5.1.6.3. Configuring access 7.5.1.6.4. Enabling personal web pages 7.5.1.6.5. Using virtual hosts 7.5.1.7. Enabling CGI scripts in every directory 7.5.1.8. Password-protecting content 7.5.2. How Does It Work? 7.5.3. What About... 7.5.3.1. ...interpreting the Apache logfiles? 7.5.3.2. ...using a more secure authentication scheme than Basic? 7.5.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.6. Configuring the sendmail Server 7.6.1. How Do I Do That? 7.6.1.1. Preparing to configure sendmail and activating changes 7.6.1.2. Configuring sendmail to use a mail relay 7.6.1.3. Configuring sendmail to accept inbound email 7.6.1.4. Using aliases 7.6.1.5. Configuring virtual users 7.6.1.6. Configuring Masquerading 7.6.2. How Does It Work? 7.6.3. What About... 7.6.3.1. ...using an alternate MTA? 7.6.3.2. ...fetching mail from a remote mailbox? 7.6.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.7. Configuring IMAP and POP3 Email 7.7.1. How Do I Do That? 7.7.1.1. Creating your own certificate 7.7.1.2. Disabling Encryption 7.7.1.3. Starting Dovecot 7.7.2. How Does It Work? 7.7.3. What About... 7.7.3.1. ...IMAP folders other than the INBOX? 7.7.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.8. Configuring Webmail 7.8.1. How Do I Do That? 7.8.2. How Does It Work? 7.8.3. What About... 7.8.3.1. ...changing the SquirrelMail configuration? 7.8.3.2. ...browsers that don't support JavaScript or ECMAScript? 7.8.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.9. Creating Databases and Accounts on a MySQL Server 7.9.1. How Do I Do That? 7.9.2. How Does It Work? 7.9.3. What About... 7.9.3.1. ...creating my own scripts and programs that access MySQL data? 7.9.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.10. Installing and Configuring a Wiki 7.10.1. How Do I Do That? 7.10.2. How Does It Work? 7.10.3. What About... 7.10.3.1. ...changing the appearance of the Wiki? 7.10.3.2. ...using a logo that isn't rectangular? 7.10.3.3. ...moving or deleting a page, or protecting a page against edits? 7.10.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.11. Configuring an FTP Server 7.11.1. How Do I Do That? 7.11.2. How Does It Work? 7.11.3. What About... 7.11.3.1. ...secure FTP? 7.11.4. Where Can I Learn More? 7.12. Analyzing Web and FTP Logs 7.12.1. How Do I Do That? 7.12.1.1. Analyzing virtual host logfiles 7.12.1.2. Analyzing the FTP logfile 7.12.1.3. Accessing the usage statistics from another location 7.12.2. How Does It Work? 7.12.3. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 8. Securing Your System 8.1. Prevent Unwanted Connections 8.1.1. How Do I Do That? 8.1.1.1. Configuring the firewall in text mode 8.1.1.2. Temporarily disabling the firewall from the command line 8.1.2. How Does It Work? 8.1.3. What About... 8.1.3.1. ...more complex firewall rules? 8.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 8.2. Using SELinux 8.2.1. How Do I Do That? 8.2.1.1. Configuring SELinux from the command line 8.2.1.2. Determining which booleans to modify 8.2.1.3. Using file labels 8.2.1.4. Relabeling the system 8.2.1.5. Viewing and interpreting SELinux messages 8.2.2. How Does It Work? 8.2.3. What About... 8.2.3.1. ...using the strict or MLS policies? 8.2.3.2. ...booting with SELinux disabled? 8.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 8.3. Using Access Control Lists 8.3.1. How Do I Do That? 8.3.1.1. Setting the default ACL for new files 8.3.1.2. Copying and moving files with their ACLs 8.3.1.3. Copying an ACL from one file to another 8.3.1.4. Improving the appearance of ACL listings 8.3.2. How Does It Work? 8.3.3. What About... 8.3.3.1. ...adjusting ACLs graphically? 8.3.3.2. ...saving and restoring the ACLs of a file subtree? 8.3.3.3. ...a version of tar that supports ACLs? 8.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 8.4. Making Files Immutable 8.4.1. How Do I Do That? 8.4.2. How Does It Work? 8.4.3. What About... 8.4.3.1. ...making an entire subtree immutable? 8.4.3.2. ...other file attributes that might be useful? 8.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? 8.5. Using sudo to Delegate Privilege 8.5.1. How Do I Do That? 8.5.2. How Does It Work? 8.5.3. What About... 8.5.3.1. ...changing the password timeout? 8.5.3.2. ...voluntarily giving up the password timestamp? 8.5.3.3. ...disabling the root password entirely (like a Debian or Ubuntu system)? 8.5.4. Where Can I Learn More? 8.6. Configuring PAM and consolehelper 8.6.1. How Do I Do That? 8.6.1.1. Using an authentication server 8.6.1.2. Adding a PAM module: restricting access by time and user 8.6.1.3. Automatic blacklisting of sites trying a brute-force password attack 8.6.1.4. PAM and consolehelper 8.6.2. How Does It Work? 8.6.3. What About... 8.6.3.1. ...other PAM modules? 8.6.3.2. ...permitting the console user to use su without a password? 8.6.4. Where Can I Learn More? 8.7. Logging 8.7.1. How Do I Do That? 8.7.1.1. Interpreting /var/log/messages 8.7.1.2. Creating your own logfile entries 8.7.1.3. Keeping an eye on logs 8.7.1.4. Configuring remote logging 8.7.1.5. Automated log watching 8.7.1.6. Log rotation 8.7.2. How Does It Work? 8.7.3. What About... 8.7.3.1. ...sending log messages to a program? 8.7.3.2. ...outputting to a named pipe? 8.7.3.3. ...logging messages from printers, routers, and other network devices? 8.7.3.4. ...using patterns within the message text to determine message routing? 8.7.4. Where Can I Learn More? 8.8. Detecting File Changes with AIDE 8.8.1. How Do I Do That? 8.8.2. How Does It Work? 8.8.3. What About... 8.8.3.1. ...an intruder altering the fingerprint database? 8.8.3.2. ...automating AIDE scans? 8.8.4. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 9. The Fedora Community 9.1. Participating in the Fedora Mailing Lists 9.1.1. How Do I Do That? 9.1.1.1. Posting on the mailing list 9.1.2. How Does It Work? 9.1.3. What About... 9.1.3.1. ...posting to a mailing list when a disposable email address is used to subscribe to the list? 9.1.3.2. ...subscribing to a Fedora list in nondigest mode without having the list messages cluttering up my email inbox? 9.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 9.2. Using IRC 9.2.1. How Do I Do That? 9.2.2. How Does It Work? 9.2.3. What About... 9.2.3.1. ...saving an IRC discussion? 9.2.3.2. ...other ways of accessing IRC? 9.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 9.3. Using Bugzilla 9.3.1. How Do I Do That? 9.3.1.1. Creating a Bugzilla account 9.3.1.2. Reporting a new bug 9.3.2. How Does It Work? 9.3.3. What About... 9.3.3.1. ...receiving less (or more) email from Bugzilla? 9.3.3.2. ...a bug that's not really a bug? 9.3.3.3. ...a bug due to problems in the upstream code? 9.3.3.4. ...referring to a Bugzilla bug on the mailing lists or in IRC? 9.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 9.4. Running Rawhide 9.4.1. How Do I Do That? 9.4.1.1. Updating Fedora Core to Rawhide 9.4.1.2. Installing Rawhide directly 9.4.1.3. Creating a local Rawhide mirror 9.4.1.4. Using a local Rawhide mirror 9.4.1.5. Rawhide-related mailing lists 9.4.2. How Does It Work? 9.4.3. What About... 9.4.3.1. ...testing upcoming Fedora Core versions without performing a network installation or update? 9.4.3.2. ...using other repositories with the Rawhide development repository? 9.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? 9.5. Participating in Fedora Projects 9.5.1. How Do I Do That? 9.5.1.1. Fedora Documentation 9.5.1.2. Fedora Translation 9.5.1.3. Fedora Extras 9.5.2. What About... 9.5.2.1. ...Fedora-related projects that have sprung up outside of the official Fedora community? 9.5.3. Where Can I Learn More? Chapter 10. Advanced Installation 10.1. Resizing a Windows Partition 10.1.1. How Do I Do That? 10.1.2. How Does It Work? 10.1.3. What About... 10.1.3.1. ...one or two small partitions that appear at the end of my disk drive? 10.1.4. Where Can I Learn More? 10.2. Configuring RAID and LVM During Installation 10.2.1. How Do I Do That? 10.2.1.1. Creating a boot filesystem 10.2.1.2. Creating RAID devices 10.2.1.3. Creating an LVM layout 10.2.2. How Does It Work? 10.2.3. What About... 10.2.3.1. ...disk partitions on non-PC systems? 10.2.4. Where Can I Learn More? 10.3. Preparing Alternate Installation Media 10.3.1. How Do I Do That? 10.3.1.1. Preparing a USB drive 10.3.1.2. Preparing a network installation server 10.3.1.3. Preparing a PXE Boot Server 10.3.2. How Does It Work? 10.3.3. What About... 10.3.3.1. ...installing from a public HTTP or FTP server? 10.3.3.2. ...booting the installer from a mini-CD? 10.3.3.3. ...booting the installer from floppy disk? 10.3.3.4. ...configuring a PXE installation from the command line? 10.3.4. Where Can I Learn More? 10.4. Installing with Kickstart 10.4.1. How Do I Do That? 10.4.1.1. Using a Kickstart file 10.4.2. How Does It Work? 10.4.3. What About... 10.4.3.1. ...creating a Kickstart file using a graphical tool? 10.4.3.2. ...creating a Kickstart file that dynamically adjusts according to properties of the installation target? 10.4.3.3. ...performing customization after installation? 10.4.3.4. ...installing a system with the same configuration as another, previously installed system? 10.4.4. Where Can I Learn More? 10.5. Configuring the GRUB Bootloader 10.5.1. How Do I Do That? 10.5.1.1. Customizing the GRUB menu 10.5.1.2. Using your own splash image 10.5.1.3. Creating additional boot entries 10.5.1.4. Installing GRUB's boot record from Fedora 10.5.1.5. Installing GRUB's boot record from a GRUB DVD or floppy disk 10.5.1.6. Editing boot options 10.5.1.7. Installing or changing a GRUB password 10.5.2. How Does It Work? 10.5.3. What About... 10.5.3.1. ...an archive of GRUB splash images? 10.5.3.2. ...dual-booting between different Linux distributions? 10.5.4. Where Can I Learn More? 10.6. Using Rescue Mode on an Installation Disc 10.6.1. How Do I Do That? 10.6.2. How Does It Work? 10.6.3. What About... 10.6.3.1. ...copying files to or from another machine while in rescue mode? 10.6.3.2. ...using a GUI while in rescue mode? 10.6.3.3. ...accessing software from the hard disk without using chroot? 10.6.4. Where Can I Learn More? 10.7. Installing Xen Virtual Machines 10.7.1. How Do I Do That? 10.7.2. How Does It Work? 10.7.3. What About... 10.7.3.1. ...starting Xen guest domains automatically at boot time? 10.7.3.2. ...hardware support for virtualization? 10.7.3.3. ...using other network or storage configurations? 10.7.3.4. ...booting other operating systems? 10.7.3.5. ...monitoring the resource usage and activity of Xen domains? 10.7.4. Where Can I Learn More? Colophon
Conventions Used in This Book The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
Italic
Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, and directories.
Constant width
Indicates commands, options, switches, the contents of files, or the output from commands.
Constant width bold
Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user. Also used to highlight key portions of code or files.
Constant width italic
Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values.
$
This is the shell prompt for a regular user, which indicates that the command interpreter is ready to accept a new command. The normal Fedora shell prompt includes additional information before the dollar sign, including the username, hostname, and current directory; I've left those out to reduce clutter in the examples.
#
This is the shell prompt for the system administrator, known as root or the superuser . Use the command su - to switch from a normal account to the superuser account.